Old English

Old English ‘Without Latin, English would have an impoverished vocabulary Latin is one of the languages that has most influenced English since its birth as a language. In this essay we are going to approach the Latin influence in vocabulary along the periods of the English language to see if, without the Latin influence it would be as rich as it is now with it and if the language would be impoverished or not. Development In its beginnings, Old English did not have the large number of words borrowed from Latin and French that now form part of English vocabulary. Old English was a very flexible language capable of using old words and giving them new uses. Latin has been the second great influence on English. It was the language of an educated and sophisticated civilization from which the Saxon peoples wanted to learn. The contact between these people was at first commercial and military but then it also became religious and intellectual. Before going to England the Germans had already had contact with the Romans and of course, from this contact they acquired some Latin words. When Christian was introduced in England, the people living there adopted many Latin elements. English borrowings from Latin came in three waves that extended the resourced of their vocabulary. â€Å"A connection between Latin and English is indicated by such correspondences as pater with English father, or frÄ ter with brother, although the difference in the initial consonants tends somewhat to obscure the relationship† (Baugh, Cable 1993:18) Albert Baugh and Thomas Cable, in their book ‘A history of the English language divide the Latin influences in the vocabulary in three stages: The continental borrowing, the Latin through Celtic transmission and the Latin influence of the second period and the norman conquest. We are going to see three occasions in which borrowings from Latin occurred  ¿Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ¿before the end of the old English period: During the continental borrowing, the words were introduced because of the contact the German tribes had had with the Romans on the continent. Some of the words introduced were already present in the early Germanic dialects because of the trading contact. The Germans coming back from the empire brought with them words apart from goods. The words they adopted indicated new conceptions related with things they did not know or for which they did not have terms. The germans in the empire dedicated themselves to agriculture and war, as some words like camp (battle), segn (banner), weall (wall), pytt(pit), strÅ“t (road, street), mÄ «l (mile) and miltestre (courtesan) show. Owing to the commercial relationship most words are related to trade. One of the things they traded was wine and we can observe words like wÄ «n (wine), eced (vinegar). They also traded domestic and household articles plus clothing as in cytel (kettle L.Catillus). In the art of buildings and construction there were words like copor (copper), pic (pitch) or tigele (tile). The words the Germans borrowed reflected the kind of relationships they had. In the Celtic transmission, which had a poor influence on old English made the Latin influence be limited too during the roman occupation. The extent to which the country had been Romanised and the use of latin by the population were not influential. Some terms could be found in placenames but a direct contact between latin and old English was not possible during this period because the Latin words came thought the transmission of the celts and their interaction with old English was weak. Words like ceaster ( L. castra. Camp) which today forms English place names as Manchester or Doncaster or words like port (harbour, gate, town) from Latin portus and porta; munt (mountain) from latin montem were introduced. The influence of the language in the first period was the slightest of all. The Latin influence of the second period and the greatest of all was the Christianizing of Britain that started in 597. From this moment until the end of the old engliush period around 500 years later words made their way into English thanks in most cases to monasteries. It is needless to say that most of the terms introduced had to do with the new religion. Some words like church or bishop already belonged to the language because they had been introduced before but the vast majority of terms having to do with churches and their services were introduced in this period. Some examples are abbot, deacon, disciple, angel, althar, anthem, pal, pope, psalm. But the church did not only influence religiously speaking. Some terms related to the domestic life of people, clothes, food, trees, plants, education, miscellaneous things or literature were introduced. Words like cap or silk, lentil or caul (cabbage), pine or lily, the word plant itself, school, master, grammatic(al), meter, notary, a nchor, sponge or elephant or calend or talent. There was a great influence in the early years of Christianity in England. As the Latin influence always came and went hand in hand with the church new words when with the Benedictine reform. The imports were different now and they expressed scientific and learned ideas. But some words were still related to religious matters antichrist, apostle or demon. The words that predominated in this period were the literary and learned ones. Some examples are accent, history, paper, title. Plant names like coriander, cucumber, ginger. Trees like cypress or laurel, some terms related to medical matters like cancer, paralysis and some others related to animals like scorpion, tiger. Despite the introduction of all these words English did not always adopt them to express a new concept. An old word was generally applied to a new object or thing with a small adaptation in order to convey new meanings. The Anglo-Saxons, for example, did not borrow the words for which they already had a meaning. According to Baugh, as a result of the Christianizing of Britain some 450 Latin words appear in English writings before the close of the English period (Baugh and 1993:86) In spite of this, some words did not make their way into general use until later, when they were reintroduced but others were fully accepted and incorporated into the language. Before the Norman Conquest Latin was the language used by the church and the one of scholarship, international communication and administration but then, after the conquest, it was replaced by French. But the Norman Conquest was the period in which a larger number of Latin borrowings were introduced. In this period we include the words borrowed from French (derived from Latin) and those directly borrowed from Latin itself although they were less popular that the French and usually obtained their admission through written language. In the 13th and 14th centuries England could have spoken three languages English, French and Latin. Latin was also the principal channel through which Greek words reached English. The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries were really prolific in Latin borrowings. Some of them were conspiracy, distract, frustrate or history among many other common terms used in everyday speech. (Asiq teniendo en cuenta esto sin el latà ­n el ingles seria un idioma pobre porq no tendria ni la influencia griega que llego a travà ©s de à ©l ni la francesa que procede del latà ­n). As Barbara Strang mentioned in her book ‘A history of English it remains to note that from this super abundant wealth English has discarded a number of items picked up, jackdaw-wise, more for glitter than for use and that this was particularly noticeable among the Latin words of the 16c. (Strang 1989:129) The Renaissance in the 16th century and the revival of classical learning made the number of Latin borrowings increase. Many of these words came by means of French because in Middle English, Romanic elements were Gallicized but in Modern English they came directly from Latin. Related to this Barbara Strang said that â€Å"we cannot always be certain whether a word is a direct loan from Latin or mediated by French† (Strang 1989:186). In the 17 th and 18 th centuries there was a Latin diction. The writers that had been brought up in the tradition of the classics provoked a reaction in which the Saxon element of the language was glorified and made stronger. For them, the Latin and French words were very literary and abstract and they rejected them Cassidy says that English has been exposed to Latin influence throughout its history but the Latin borrowings found in our days are far smaller than might have been expected (Robertson 1954:152) To know how many exact Latin words have been borrowed into English is impossible. In our days it is important to mention that the most part of the modern and technique words in English, those related to computers, derive from Latin roots and not from Germanic. For example the word computer is a derivation of the Latin verb computare which means count or calculate. The word delete, which means ‘to erase what is written in a computer, comes from the Latin verb delere, which means to erase. Curiously, those people who have studied Latin know that the second person of the imperative of the verb delere is delete. Robertson also recognises this influence and says that â€Å"in present day technical and scientific English, Latin shares with Greek the source of a host of new coinages, or of few applications of words already adopted† (Robertson 1954:155) â€Å"This is not a matter merely of the number of words borrowed, for in that respect, Latin, at least, is ahead of French. What it means is that far more of the French words have become a part of the essential core of modern English† (Robertson 1954:155) Coger algo de la 187 a la 189 de Barber!! Y se acabà ³ Conclusion Ver pags 173 y 174 para la conclusià ³n en nà ºmero. English would be in some kind impoverished. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES Albert Croll Baugh,Thomas Cable A history of the English language ELECTRONIC RESOURCES http://www.orbilat.com/Influences_of_Romance/English/RIFL-English-Latin-The_Inflluences_on_Old_English.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_influence_in_English http://www.wordinfo.info/words/index/info/view_unit/4197/?letter=Espage=4

Saint Augustine Research Paper

AuSaint Augustine was a bishop of Hippo Regius, a Latin philosopher and theologian. He was born in 354 in the town of Thagaste in Roman Africa. Growing up with a Pagan father and a Christian mother, Saint Augustine endured many experiences from which he produced a book of confessions. In this book he writes about his life and struggles with evil desires. He struggled with greed, gluttony and lust, which are three among seven of the deadliest sins. His main struggle was within faith and religion concerning sexual restrictions and church regulations.He overcomes these struggles when he finds his faith. The encounters of evil Saint Augustine battles with fluctuate throughout his life. In his book of confessions he states that committing greed and gluttony brought joy to him. He loved anything that would amuse him such as chariot racing, gladiator fights and theatre. He would venture in drinking; gambling, stealing and he participated in barbaric pranks on people. He focused more on his own pleasures other than helping others.What saved him was his mother, Monica, who prayed for Augustine’s wickedness to wither. Monica’s prayers were answered when she received a dream from God. During this time he became a teacher and over the years he saw that what he use to enjoy was dull and senseless. Slowly his immoral practices became nothing but regretful memories. His mother then started to persuade him to become a Christian in which he did. He found his faith and began a new life without sin. His most grueling struggle was the sin of lust.He was not chaste nor did he abide Christian precepts. In his book he describes that his actions were done to avoid mockery and to also be accepted by his peers. When his mother was directing him towards the good she proposed that he should marry. Augustine married a 10-year-old child and when waiting for her to evolve he had an affair. By overcoming this obstacle he finally converted to Christianity and refrained from any f orm of sexual pleasure. He states, â€Å"The evil was not in the sexual act itself but in the emotions that accompany it. He also considers lust to be an obstacle to obtain the virtuous life. Saint Augustine had a constant battle with himself towards church policy and restrictions. He struggled with the limitations towards sexual intentions, which included him to be faithful to his significant other and live a monogamous lifestyle. He disagreed with this because his number one struggle was his erotic desires. This was one of the reasons as to why he gradually converted to Christianity. His struggle to adhere faith was one of the obstacles to find his identity.He overcame this with the help of his mother and her prayers and he soon came to realize that his past was full of sin so he cleansed himself and became who he is known to be today. Saint Augustine had a life of sin. He struggled with lust, gluttony, greed, faith and religion. He then found himself and became a Saint. Like any body else Saint Augustine was human, he faced many obstacles concerning evil practices but in the end he overcame these struggles when faith prevailed.

Four Things To Do to Increase One’s Level of Contentment and Happiness Essay

The learned Viktor Frankl contends that â€Å"chance decides what happens but we decide how to take it† (cited in Southwick, et. al. , 2006, p. 162). For someone who has been through the most tragic circumstances of human existence, Frankl is surely someone who knows pretty well how happiness is to be pursued in one’s life. While it can be argued that happiness is a state of human living which cannot be singularly defined, we – human persons that we are – nevertheless know what brings it about or how it affects our general take of life. Pursuing Happiness All throughout One’s Life The basic thrust of this paper is to argue that our state of contentment or happiness is something that we human persons can always choose to pursue. By adopting Frankl’s philosophy, we can say that a person can always choose the path towards happiness against the backdrop of different life circumstances and issues that come with one’s lifespan development. First, one can always choose to discover his or her crafts, potentials and talents as a way to appreciate one’s giftedness and uniqueness. This is a very potent element that contributes well to one’s happiness; and this usually happens during one’s late childhood and adolescent stages. The discovery of our uniqueness gives us a sense of who we are. But even when, for instance, one is not gifted enough, one can still discover certain strains of uniqueness to be appreciated. This is crucial because it can give us an initial taste of our sense of directedness and purpose. Second, a person needs to choose the kind of relationships that work in order to attain a level of happiness as well. This is especially true for those who are at the early adulthood stage. Growing up, it would be normal to feel that we need someone to complete us; and finding that suitable someone is notably crucial for this stage. Many people end up either unhappy or miserable because they did not either take the courage to pursue a person whom they love or feel powerless to break free from relationships that just do not work. But finding true happiness is about choosing the right relationships that could nurture, and not defeat life. Third, in order to secure happiness, one must always face life-crises with a brimming sense of optimism. This surely is a case of no little importance, as it is not uncommon to learn that many middle-agers suddenly lose their sense of meaning at a time when life-crises emerging from home and workplace start to take their toll. Crises, it needs to be remembered, cannot be avoided. But they are defining moments that can either make or break us. Increasing one’s state of happiness during these poignant moments therefore necessitates a commitment to hope – i. e. , one faces life problems with a sense of optimism. If one can face problems convinced that he or she can successfully get out of it, then it is like facing a battle half-winning it already. Fourth, one can look at his or her life under the lenses of accomplishment and gratitude so as to be happy. This especially applies to those who are in the twilight of their lives. When one becomes bitter every time he or she looks back at the past, it effectively robs a person with a sense of contentment and happiness. Instead, looking back at life with eyes fixed on the accomplishments and blessings that one has done or received in his or her life surely elicits an incomparable sense of contentment, happiness and pride. Conclusion This paper therefore concludes that a person is always empowered to make a choice in order to increase his or her level of contentment or happiness. In any lifespan development or stages, the choice to uphold sense of happiness is always a concrete possibility; i. e. , we can always choose to discover one’s giftedness, choose the relationships that could make us happy, choose to face life-crises with hopefulness and choose to be thankful in our lives. In the final analysis, it must be ultimately argued that we are the ones responsible for our own happiness.

Life Culture in London South Bank University

Life Culture in London South Bank University Executive Summary The report is about utilization of individual spirituality and emotional intelligence within various organizational set-ups. There is tendency in most organizations to neglect spiritual part of individual’s lives leading to aspect of imbalance between emotional, intellectual and spiritual livelihoods.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Life Culture in London South Bank University specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article discusses various importance obtained from focusing on one’s spirituality hence forming the primary point from which one can quickly identify their purpose in life. From the perspective of the discussion, there is profound relationship between spirituality and overall performance within work-places. The paper starts by giving detailed annotated bibliography on articles based on spiritual and emotional intelligence. Then there is creation of cultural model used in Londo n South Bank University. Introduction Multicultural backgrounds ensure interaction between people having improved innovative abilities which can be used in generating new ideas and skills. Managing cultural diversity based on spiritual and emotional intelligence is helpful in the process of knowledge transfer. Using integrated cultural dimension, modern technology and the same language within institution makes it easier for communication amongst individuals; this enables more comfortable transfer of information as well as knowledge. Such scenario reduces the level of misunderstanding and misinterpretation owing to cultural differences hence leading to increased efficiency and productivity within institutions. Institutions are always available to assist their members understand and realize their ambitions. Motivation incentives granted to employees provide most basic and essential part of institution’s success. Good example is in London South Bank University where they provide students with talent capable of meeting work-place needs hence improving individual’s career progression.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Step 1: Culture According to London south bank university (LSBU), analysis of culture comprises cumulative aspects of human character which incorporates systems of sound knowledge shared within society. LSBU has a problem on efficient management of online students and students with disability due to a high number of those enrolling on an annual basis. The current situation within the institution works based on Traditional Support Model where students are taken through courses enabling them to create innovative products, initiate their own theatre companies as well as creating designs for international sports teams. Within emotionally and spiritually intelligent culture the primary source of human energy and drive is based on emotional intelligence where most of work done by lecturers and students focuses on physical aspects. However, bigger percentage of success is based on emotional intellect with heart intelligence taking a smaller percentage. Step 2: Context for Cultural Change and the Preferable Changes My context focuses on Team-Based Model, which is different from concept of teaching from Traditional Support Model used in LSBU. Team-based model enables bringing together group of instructional experts from all departments within LSBU, hence enabling them collaborate with entire faculties. This model ensures that instructors are not burdened in the process of dealing with students, including those with disabilities. The Team-Based Model approach enables creation and sustenance of institutional culture with ability of allowing easy accessibility and sufficient support to all students, especially those studying online.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Life Culture in London S outh Bank University specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In LSBU the nature of the curriculum encourages natural exhaustion, which ultimately does not encourage spiritually focused life (Bass). There is need for change within people’s sense of integrity based on courage, love and reality on the fact that spirituality forms the most important part of individual role within society. LSBU needs to focus on forming organizations dealing with spiritual aspects of student fraternity. There should be total shift in life’s focus where instead of earning living, lecturers should live meaningful lives through sense of duty and call. This is since spirituality leads an individual not only towards working for success but also focus on significance and meaning of life. Step 3: Cultural Web The concept incorporates cultural diversity, which comprises various cultural differences existing between people. Such differences can be described from th e perspective of language, dressing, traditional values, religion, and societal interactions within same environment. Stories London South Bank University is known for provision of variety of professional courses to all students. The campus is known for providing an environment for professionalism, making great friendship, enjoyment of arts alongside service to others presenting opportunity to challenge ones-self. These qualities portray the campus as the most service-minded and spirited environments. Current prevailing culture, i.e., Traditional Support Model, can easily be identified through lecturers’ over-burdening experiences, especially in the process of dealing with disabled students.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Students with disabilities are prone to being excluded from new media revolution within the campus. However, the new model will enable accessibility and at the same time, provide online students with access based on academic programming. To avoid disruption of learning from LSBU own practices, Team-Based model would support issues based on accessibility from a cultural point of view. This would ultimately encourage increased number of disabled and online grandaunts. Rituals, Routines and Symbols Students joining the campus expect a high level of vibrancy from cultural events, learning and recreation activities. These include both structured and unstructured activities suiting every member of the community. The cool creative and green environment gives the institution a vibrant image within such professionally recognized community. Organizational Structure, Control Systems and Power The institution follows hierarchical kind of organizational structure. LSBU is member of the British s ystem hence its organizational structure comprises of Vice-chancellor, principal, dean, head of departments and junior administrators including student leadership. The institution believes in producing high achievers at affordable costs, which is the main objective influencing LSBU’s corporate culture. At the same time it known for producing top professionals in business-related fields. Step 4 Annotated bibliography presents emotional intelligence as the inherent potential to feel, use, communicate, recognize, remember, describe, identify and learn. LSBU as higher learning institution should depend more on reorganizing their curriculum to accommodate cultural diversity and use it for the purposes of attracting international community. Multicultural challenges should be incorporated for effective management of students within such corporate culture. Like in the case of South African teachers, they find difficulties relating with students from diversified backgrounds since teac hing is taken as means of survival and not for purpose fulfillment. However, according to Diaz 2005, there is profound importance of emotional intelligence when dealing with various groups of people. The article reveals that individuals’ level of emotional intelligence determines the level of his/her relationships. There is need for creating appropriate actions capable of providing required harmony on all students’ spiritual and emotional intelligence. Provision of appropriate measures such as incorporating technological changes and language training facilities for the purposes of overcoming communication barriers is necessary for professionalism. The purpose of recruitment and training programs is to ensure creation of talented internationally mobile people capable of occupying management positions. Numerous benefits can be realized from management of cultural diversity and such actions include; appropriate innovative abilities, comprehensive competitiveness and trans fer of knowledge to the various minority groups. The process also enables development of better talents capable of reducing discriminative effects. Managing cultural diversity is also beneficial in enhancing corporate image of various organizations. Step 5: Natural Resistance to Change and Its Management Processes Usually, change is received with resistance since the process is normally uncomfortable as it requires new dimensions of thinking. Concerning this model, there would be perceived level of uncertainty within such institution since the model will encourage sacrificing familiar for unfamiliar experiences. Anxiety will also be part of the resistance since the model would require huge investment in terms of facilities capable of accommodating disabled and online students. Such issues are common amongst students and especially the most cooperative as well as supportive administrative staff. The model can as well be affected by partial support from Institutions administration inc lined to undermining change of effort. WESI provides various perspectives involved in managing change such as philosophical perspective, multiple intelligence involving spiritual and emotional experiences of students within classes and halls of residents. Using Steingard’s awareness Change Manifestation model in LSBU will bring into effect shifting focus on integration of spirituality and management of emotional requirements amongst students. The model comprises of three dimensions, which includes; awareness, change and manifestation. Including change within such institution requires that all those involved should be ethically responsible. Bass, Randy 2012, Disrupting ourselves: The problem of learning in higher education. Web. Diaz, Johann 2005, Why Self Awareness is so Important. PDF file. Web.

b. f. skinner essays

b. f. skinner essays B.F. Skinner born in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania March 20, 1904 was a man known as B.F. Skinner. His real name was Burrhus Fredric, but he signed his name as B.F. since he was at the tender age of nine Skinner accomplished many things in his lifetime. He wrote several books, all about psychology Skinner was the first child of William A. and Grace Burrhus Skinner . During high school Skinner was involved in many activities, including writing for the local paper, playing the piano and saxophone, and inventing things. After graduating high school Skinner went to Hamilton College and graduated in 1926 where he majored in English language and literature. There after he went on to Harvard University, where he received a Ph.D. degree in 1931. Skinner stayed there until 1936 doing laboratory experiments . He the joined the University of Minnesota in 1937. It was during this time that Skinner wrote his first book The Behavior of Organisms .The book was quoted to be a fairly comprehensive s tudy of operant conditioning In this book the theory of B.F. Skinner is based upon the idea that learning is a function of change in overt behavior. Changes in behavior are the result of an individuals response to events (stimuli) that occur in the environment. A response produces a consequence such as defining a word, hitting a ball, or solving a math problem. When a particular Stimulus-Response (S-R) pattern is reinforced (rewarded), the individual is conditioned to respond. The distinctive characteristic of operant conditioning relative to previous forms of behaviorism (for example Thorndike and Hull) is that the organism can emit responses instead of only eliciting response due to an external stimulus. Reinforcement is the key element in Skinners S-R theory. It could be verbal praise, a good grade, or a feeling of increased accomplishment or satisfaction. The theo ...

Micro-Teaching Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Micro-Teaching - Assignment Example (Gardner, 2000, 45) I got hold of some school text books as well as college books on mathematics and statistics. I studied these in depth. I made sure that I understood every word in the explanations. I did quite a few numbers in the exercises to practice. It was not possible to try every sum because they were in large numbers. I referred some experienced teachers on the subject. I also went online and studied pie charts in bona fide websites. In addition to this process, I tried many times to make the presentation more understandable to the level of age that the class I am to teach is under. This would help them realize the subject more practically. (Erickson, 2006, 76) I discussed pie charts and how they are to be taught to university students. I discussed this with one senior and experienced teacher of statistics in the university. I discussed the basic features of pie charts and their use. I also talked to a few students to get an idea of what they expected from teachers. I also learnt when pie charts are best used. These conversations allowed me to see through the process of learning that would most likely work on the students I am particularly dedicating the presentation to. (Gardner, 2001, 54) Through the advice and the perceptions of the people I talked to, I realized when is it best to utilize pie charts and rather give them a more practical sense of function in the class during certain conventional discussions may it be about math or other subjects. How did you select materials I talked to students in the second and third years of their college. I got wind of the text books that contain explanations and problems in pie charts. The teacher I spoke to in this regard also helped me. I also had an idea about the school text books that contained explanations of pie charts. I also went online and used key words to select website that had explanations on pie charts. Through these implicative understanding garnered through research, I made it a point that what I would be presenting to the class would not simply be a functional piece of aide for teaching, but it would also be something that would make learning an easier task for all the students in class regardless of whatever age or whatever level of learning they might be able to grasp.(Tyler, 2001, 54) This made my presentation more applicable to all ages and all learners both in secondary school and university school classes. What alternative approaches did you consider I did think about using audio visuals. Proper use of audio visuals impact students' minds rapidly and clearly. It also becomes easy to explain pie charts use thoroughly with the help of audio visuals. Audio visuals come in many forms. I prefer using my laptop for the purpose. I will have to prepare the notes and charts. I knew that this

BUSINESS ETHICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

BUSINESS ETHICS - Essay Example Ethics, after all, encompass wider perspectives of human concerns ultimately affecting business organizations. Ferrell, Fraedrich & Ferrell (2009, 6) define business ethics as â€Å"the principles and standards that guide behavior in the world of business†. As businesses comprise a greater majority of the world’s human activities, the importance of studying ethics come as a necessity rather than a matter of natural occurrence. Businessmen interact with diverse stakeholders in capacities ranging from employees, creditors, customers, directors, stockholders, government entities, and the community, as a whole. In this regard, they are obliged to abide by a set of standards which guide their actions and decisions in order to protect the stakeholders’ interests which they serve. Accordingly, each professional endeavor is governed by a code of ethics which encompass principles and values of integrity, objectivity, competence, respect and protection of legal and personal rights, confidentiality, nondiscrimination, promotion of wellness, refusal to participate in illegal and unethical acts, following scientific and ethical research procedures and compliance with state and federal laws, among others. Studying business ethics would assist individuals, as part of the organization, to discern their personal values that affect or influence the performance of their required responsibilities. By learning theoretical ethical concepts and their applications in business, individuals are made aware of the need to recognize relationships between legal and ethical decisions. Business ethics discusses the concepts on leadership and management where managerial responsibilities for the conduct of subordinates need to conform to ethical codes for guidance and compliance. The study of ethics give direction to promote the ethical behavior expected of stakeholders in the business setting. It